Reassessing Judicial Reasoning on the Cancellation of Land Sale and Purchase Agreements Due to Breach of Contract: Lessons from Decision No. 305/Pdt.G/2024/Pn.Bks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37729/amnesti.v8i2.8108Abstract
This research is motivated by disputes over Land Sale and Purchase Agreements (PPJB) arising from property speculation that threatens the rights of landowners acting in good faith. This study aims to analyse the judge's legal considerations in determining the legal certainty of the disputed object in Bekasi District Court Decision Number 305/Pdt.G/2024/PN.Bks and examine the legal implications of PPJB cancellation for land ownership status. This research employs a normative juridical method with analytical-descriptive specifications, supported by Prof. R. Subekti's Contract Theory and Jan Michiel Otto's Legal Certainty Theory. The results show that the Panel of Judges applied procedural law by issuing a default judgment under Article 125 of the HIR and declaring the Defendant in default under Article 1243 of the Civil Code for failing to pay the second to fourth instalments and ignoring two summonses. By considering the litigation history of the 36,030 m² land up to the Supreme Court, the Court resolved the legal uncertainty and affirmed the Plaintiff's position as the rightful heir. The cancellation of the PPJB as an obligatory agreement triggers restitutio in integrum, restoring each party's legal position to the state before the agreement. Doctrinally, the decision provides preventive protection for the legal status of the land under Article 23 of PP No. 24/1997. This study contributes to Indonesian contract law by demonstrating the integration of legal certainty and contractual restitution in resolving PPJB disputes.
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