Potensi Biochar sebagai Media Pembawa Bakteri Halotoleran untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Tanah Salin: Review Literatur
The Potential of Biochar as a Carrier Medium for Halotolerant Bacteria to Improve Saline Soil Fertility: A Literature Review
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the major limiting factors in agricultural production because it deteriorates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil and inhibits plant growth. This article aims to review the potential of biochar as a carrier medium for halotolerant bacteria to improve the fertility of saline soils through a narrative literature review approach. The review examines scientific publications related to the characteristics of saline soils, the mechanisms of halotolerant bacteria, the properties of biochar as a soil ameliorant and microbial carrier, and the synergistic interaction between biochar and bacteria in the soil– plant system. The findings indicate that halotolerant bacteria enhance plant tolerance to salinity stress through the production of phytohormones, exopolysaccharides, ACC deaminase, osmoprotectants, phosphate solubilization, nutrient mobilization, and ionic homeostasis regulation. Meanwhile, biochar has high porosity, large surface area, water-holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, and surface functional groups that support microbial viability, adhesion, biofilm formation, and colonization. The combination of biochar and halotolerant bacteria has the potential to generate synergistic effects by improving soil structure, increasing water and nutrient retention, reducing sodicity impacts, strengthening soil biological activity, and enhancing plant growth under saline conditions. However, the effectiveness of this technology is strongly influenced by biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, particle size, bacterial strain compatibility, formulation method, and environmental conditions during application. This review concludes that biochar as a carrier for halotolerant bacteria is a promising approach for sustainable saline soil rehabilitation, particularly in marginal lands and coastal areas. Further research is needed to standardize formulations, conduct multi-season field trials, and evaluate technical and economic feasibility at the farmer scale.
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[24] Pallavi et al., “Isolation and characterization of halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from mangrove region of Sundarbans, India for enhanced crop productivity,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 14, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122347.
[25] V. Kumar, N. Raghuvanshi, A. K. Pandey, A. Kumar, E. Thoday-Kennedy, and S. Kant, “Role of Halotolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Mitigating Salinity Stress: Recent Advances and Possibilities,” Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 168, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.3390/agriculture13010168.
[26] Y. Qiu, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhou, Z. Xie, and X. Zhao, “Effects of adding different types and amounts of biochar to saline alkali soil on its salt ions and microbial community in northwest China,” iScience, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 112285, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.112285.
[27] T. Mao, Y. Wang, S. Ning, J. Mao, J. Sheng, and P. Jiang, “Assessment of the Effects of Biochar on the Physicochemical Properties of Saline–Alkali Soil Based on Meta-Analysis,” Agronomy, vol. 14, no. 10, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/agronomy14102431.
[28] A. Gryta et al., “The Importance of the Targeted Design of Biochar
Physicochemical Properties in Microbial Inoculation for Improved Agricultural
Productivity—A Review,” Agriculture, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 37, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/agriculture14010037.
[29] H. M. M. Abbas et al., “Microbial-inoculated biochar for remediation of salt and heavy metal contaminated soils,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 954, p. 176104, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176104.
[30] G. Gao et al., “The potential and prospects of modified biochar for comprehensive management of salt-affected soils and plants: A critical review,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 912, p. 169618, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169618.
[31] A. Gryta, M. Frąc, and K. Oszust, “Genetic and Metabolic Diversity of Soil Microbiome in Response to Exogenous Organic Matter Amendments,” Agronomy, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 546, 2020, doi: 10.3390/agronomy10040546.
[32] A. Goszcz et al., “Bacterial osmoprotectants—a way to survive in saline conditions and potential crop allies,” FEMS Microbiol. Rev., vol. 49, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf020.
[33] A. Saravanan, P. Swaminaathan, P. S. Kumar, P. R. Yaashikaa, R. Kamalesh, and
G. Rangasamy, “A comprehensive review on immobilized microbes - biochar and their environmental remediation: Mechanism, challenges and future perspectives,” Environ. Res., vol. 236, p. 116723, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116723.
[34] E. B. Dayoub, Z. Tóth, G. Soós, and A. Anda, “Chemical and Physical Properties of Selected Biochar Types and a Few Application Methods in Agriculture,” Agronomy, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 2540, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.3390/agronomy14112540.
[35] W. Wang et al., “Moss Biochar Facilitates Root Colonization of Halotolerant Halomonas salifodinae for Promoting Plant Growth Under Saline–Alkali Stress,” Soil Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, p. 73, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.3390/soilsystems9030073.
[36] M. Kayoumu, H. Wang, and G. Duan, “Interactions between microbial extracellular polymeric substances and biochar, and their potential applications: a review,” Dec. 01, 2025, Springer. doi: 10.1007/s42773-025- 00452-4.
[37] P. Thunshirn, W. W. Wenzel, and C. Pfeifer, “Pore characteristics of hydrochars and their role as a vector for soil bacteria: A critical review of engineering options,” 2022, Taylor and Francis Ltd. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2021.1974256.
[38] H. Huang et al., “Effects of pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type and compaction on water retention of biochar amended soil,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86701-5.
[39] N. Morselli, F. Ottani, M. Puglia, S. Pedrazzi, P. Tartarini, and G. Allesina, “Biochar-Aided Heat Transfer in Ground Source Heat Pumps: Effects on Water Capillary Rise and Carbon Storage Capability,” Processes, vol. 13, no. 1, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.3390/pr13010279.
[40] M. Castellini et al., “Evaluating the Effects of Compost, Vermicompost, and Biochar on Physical Quality of Sandy-Loam Soils,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 6, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.3390/app15063392.
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Published
2026-04-29
How to Cite
Dewi, D. S., Zulfida, I., & Windani, I. (2026). Potensi Biochar sebagai Media Pembawa Bakteri Halotoleran untuk Meningkatkan Kesuburan Tanah Salin: Review Literatur: The Potential of Biochar as a Carrier Medium for Halotolerant Bacteria to Improve Saline Soil Fertility: A Literature Review. Jurnal Riset Agribisnis Dan Peternakan, 11(1), 14-33. https://doi.org/10.37729/jrap.v11i1.7547
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Dora Silvia Dewi, Ida Zulfida, Isna Windani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
